Showing posts with label health. Show all posts
Showing posts with label health. Show all posts

Springing Stories - May and June

Bimonthly recaps of all  tap water, bottled water, plastic, and other Spring to the Tap related news!

Fracking chemicals detected in Pennsylvania drinking water - New York Times
May 4th, a study found household drinking water in a Pennsylvania town was contaminated with a common fracking chemical likely the result of a faulty drilling well.

Blame Cognitive Biases When Efforts To Conserve Water Aren't Effective - NPR
May 5th, a researcher on human behavior found that people are more likely to opt for curtailment solutions to try and reduce their water use (taking a shorter shower, for example). They found that the most effective water saving strategies, however, usually involve efficiency solutions that incur a one-time expense, like installing a low-flow toilet.

May 11th, the bottled water industry is being analyzed during a time of drought in California. Although there may be more egregious overuses of water in the state, the industry still faces criticism for their questionable tactics including bottling water from a national forest without a valid permit.

Nestle Waters' CEO will 'absolutely not' stop bottling water in California — 'In fact, if I could, I'd increase it' - Business Insider
May 14th, Nestle Waters' North America CEO, Tim Brown, refused to step down when called to re-examine Nestle's usage of water during a historic drought.

Nestlé says it will use less water at California plants - USA Today
May 14th, the same day Nestle Waters' CEO claims he would like to increase bottling operations, a statement from Nestle claims the company will invest in new technologies to help conserve water at their California plants.

May 15th, Jay Inslee declares a statewide drought emergency, citing snowpack levels at 16% of average, which will impact summer irrigation supplies, as well as the potential for a severely dangerous wildfire season.

Nestle Bottled Water Plant Draws Fight in Drought-Stricken Oregon - Bloomberg Politics
May 26th, negotiations between Nestle and the Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife and the Oregon Department of Natural Resources began in 2008 and are still ongoing, and generating more opposition. Nestle is still attempting to acquire the rights to Oxbow Springs in Cascade Locks, a town of 1,235 people.

New federal rules on stream protection hailed, criticized - Associated Press
May 27th, the United States EPA and Army Corps of Engineers released new federal rules to better clarify which steams and tributaries are protected under Clean Water Act regulations.

Scientists say plastic pollution in Great Lakes poses problems beyond cluttered beaches - Star Tribune
May 28th, scientists met at the University of Vermont to assess the threat of plastic in the Great Lakes. About 80% of the pollution in the Great Lakes is plastic, some of that debris is too small to see, and most plastic can harbor toxic chemicals.

Our Water-Guzzling Food Factory - New York Times
May 30th, an opinion on the management of water for agriculture, the largest user of water in California.

Fracking not a 'widespread risk' to drinking water: U.S. EPA - Reuters
June 4th, a U.S. EPA report draft five years in the making concludes that fracking is not a widespread risk to drinking water, but notes that water contamination and other health risks do occur as a result of fracking.

A Better Way For California to Water Its Farms - Wired
June 5th, dry-farmed grapes and tomatoes are less expensive to maintain, better protect the soil, and most importantly use much less water than traditionally irrigated farms. Other techniques like drip irrigation, micro emitters, or carefully choosing crops, provide possible alternatives for an increasingly water scarce world.

Our Fate is Tied To Our Ocean - Huffington Post
June 8th, a round-up of the importance of our oceans as a resource, and ways humanity, with overfishing, plastic, and carbon dioxide, are harming our marine lifeblood.

California Cuts Farmer's Share of Scant Water - New York Times
June 12th, with snowpack at a historic low, seniors water rights holders, some with claims dating back to 1903, face water usage cuts in California.

New NASA data show how the world is running out of water - Washington Post
June 16th, underground aquifers supply 35% of worldwide water use, and twenty-one of the world's largest thirty-seven aquifers have been dangerously depleted in the last ten years.

How A Historical Blunder Helped Create the Water Crisis in the West - NPR
June 25th, in 1922 the states of Colorado, Utah, New Mexico, Arizona, Nevada, Wyoming, and California reached an agreement on dividing the waters of the Colorado River, the only problem is that the states were promised more than the water that actually exists.

Bottled water recalled over E. coli concerns - USA Today
June 23rd, Niagra bottling is recalling fourteen brands of bottled water due to possible E. coli contamination at one of their plants.

Microplastic particles move up marine food chain on B.C. coast: research - Vancouver Sun
June 30th, tiny marine organisms that mistake plastic for food allow microplastics to pass up the food chain, along with the chemicals they harbor, to many different species of marine life, and possibly including humans.

Did you see any other interesting stories the last two months? Be sure to share them with us in the comments, or on Facebook or Twitter!

The Cost of Installing a Home Water Filter

Not all of us are lucky enough to live in the Pacific Northwest, or get great water from natural springs like Enumclaw. What if you don't like the taste? Maybe you're concerned with contaminants, or the pipes in your home are getting old, or your body is more sensitive to additives in water (some doctors are prescribing bottled water, which as you will see is ridiculous), or maybe fluoride and chlorine just aren't your thing. Say you buy cases upon cases of bottled water, or even subscribe to a water cooler delivery service, because you can't stand tap. At the store it may seem like a good deal to buy a case of 24 for only $4.99 (especially when one is being sold for around $1.00), or get a blue five gallon jug delivered to your home or business for only $8.99. The question is: at what point does purchasing an under-the-sink water filtration system (reverse osmosis removes chlorine and fluoride) pay off? (When only considering cost. If you considered health effects, environmental effects, etc. it would "pay off" more quickly.)

I did do some math to get there, if you're uninterested in that process jump to the end to catch the answer to your question. 

First, let's go over the assumptions I made:
1. I'm assuming that your tap water costs $1.95 per CCF (100 cubic feet), the is the rate for the city of Enumclaw, if you're not in Enumclaw it's likely that your rate is equivalent or lower than this one.
2. I'm assuming that you really don't like tap water (as is the case for people who aren't supposed to drink it at all), meaning that most of your consumption is purchased water. I compared drinking 80 ounces of tap water to 80 ounces of bottled water, which is roughly equivalent to your recommended  daily intake of water, adjusted according to WebMD for modern humans (chances are that you're not running around all day) who get 20% of their daily water needs from the food you eat ("approximately 9 cups for women and 12.5 cups for men" I used 10 cups). This is equivalent to 4.7 16.9 ounce bottles a day (which doesn't seem practical, which is why I included water cooler and 24 pack cost).
It's very possible (and in fact almost always the case) that you don't just drink water, or like most of the population don't drink enough water. Juice, soda, or whatever will also contribute to your "water" intake, however it's impossible to calculate how much juice you're drinking etc., these are just general calculations which will give you an idea to how expensive bottled water can be.

I used three price points for bottled water, and in parenthesis is their respective cost for 80 ounces per day:
1. Expensive one bottle purchases (Pepsi and Coca-Cola brands): $1.79 per 16.9 oz bottle ($8.47 per day)
2. Moderately priced one bottle purchases: $1.00 per 16.9 oz bottle, a price is typical of vending machines ($4.73 per day)
3. Cheap one bottle purchases: $0.69 per 16.9 oz bottle ($3.26 per day)
4. 24 pack purchases: $4.99 per 24 pack ($0.98 per day)
5. Blue cooler purchases: $8.99 per five gallon water cooler from a common delivery service with a one-time ~$3 fee for a cooler stand ($1.12 per day)

I compared these to tap water ($0.0016 per day at 80 ounces) with the cost of a home water filter (the tap water cost is so low that you can barely tell the difference in the slope of the line). In one case I gave the bottled waters a $200 head start, as if you choose to install a $200 home water filtration system. In the second bottled water gets a $300 head start, for a slightly more expensive filter. 

Let's take a look at the results, in graph form (click to enlarge).
The horizontal axis is time in days, with the entire length being 365 days.
The vertical axis is cost, with the entire height being $1500, as you can see some of the prices easily eclipsed this mark, I will include the year-long cost for each at the end.




As you can see the only difference in the two graphs is the height of the tap water plus water filter line on the graph. The point of intersection between the lines is when the costs are equal, after that point it's money saved. What is the conclusion then? It's apparent from the graphs that it's cheaper to choose tap water, even if you purchase an expensive water filter. Here are the final numbers (colors correspond with the graphs):

If you drink tap water without a filter for a year it would cost $0.59 (yes, that's 80 ounces a day for the entire year). With the filters the one-year cost is $200.59 and $300.59.

If you buy expensive, $1.79 bottled water for a year it would cost $3,092.78.
The $200 filter and tap pays off in 24 days, the $300 filter pays off in 36 days.

If you buy moderately priced, $1.00 bottled water for a year it would cost $1,727.81. 
The $200 filter and tap pays off in 43 days, the $300 filter pays off in 64 days.

If you buy cheap, $0.69 bottled water for a year it would cost $1,192.18.
The $200 filter and tap pays off in 62 days, the $300 filter pays off in 92 days.

If you buy 24 packs of bottled water for a year it would cost $359.24.
The $200 filter and tap pays off in 204 days, the $300 filter pays off in 306 days.

If you buy 5 gallon water coolers for a year it would cost $413.16.
The $200 filter and tap pays off in 176 days, the $300 filter pays off in 265 days.

Conclusion: go with tap water. Even if you need to buy a filter to maintain your health or taste preferences it will pay off well within the year.

Bottled Water Paper

***UPDATE: This piece can be found at a new location: here.

If you are teetering on the edge of whether or not to give up your beloved bottled water hopefully this paper will change help you make your decision. 

A few excerpts from the paper:

The truth is that bottled water has become a necessity in the 21st century; it reflects the cultural love affair with disposability and the country’s reliance on oil.
 ...a 20 ounce reusable bottle could be refilled once a day for twelve years and nine months before the cost of tap water equals $1.79 and six years four months before the cost equals 89¢.
Bottled water companies market their bottles with green names like PlantBottle®, Eco-Fina Bottle™, and ReBorn™ Bottle...
If you are interested in exploring the impact of bottled water continue to follow Spring to the Tap, consider watching the documentary Tapped, or just start with The Story of Bottled Water. Also, feel free to leave a comment below.